\newcommand{\rar}[2]{{{\em #1}\(\rightarrow\){\em #2}}} \newcommand{\Container}{{\em Container}} \newcommand{\ContainerNode}{{\em ContainerNode}} \newcommand{\ElementOps}{{\em ElementOps}} \newcommand{\FlowInfo}{{\em FlowInfo}} \newcommand{\Array}{{\em Array}} \newcommand{\SortedArray}{{\em SortedArray}} \newcommand{\SortedList}{{\em SortedList}} \newcommand{\List}{{\em List}} \newcommand{\Item}{{\em Item}} \newcommand{\ListNode}{{\em ListNode}} \newcommand{\Queue}{{\em Queue}} \newcommand{\Deque}{{\em Deque}} \newcommand{\Stack}{{\em Stack}} \newcommand{\DList}{{\em DList}} \newcommand{\Permutation}{{\em Permutation}} \newcommand{\Matrix}{{\em Matrix}} \newcommand{\BinaryHeap}{{\em BinaryHeap}} \newcommand{\BinaryHeapNode}{{\em BinaryHeapNode}} \newcommand{\BinarySearchTree}{{\em BinarySearchTree}} \newcommand{\RedBlackTree}{{\em RedBlackTree}} \newcommand{\BinomialHeap}{{\em BinomialHeap}} \newcommand{\SimpleContainer}{{\em SimpleContainer}} \newcommand{\Dictionary}{{\em Dictionary}} \newcommand{\Collection}{{\em Collection}} \newcommand{\SetBase}{{\em SetBase}} \newcommand{\MSetBase}{{\em MSetBase}} \newcommand{\SymSet}{{\em SymSet}} \newcommand{\Set}{{\em Set}} \newcommand{\MSet}{{\em MSet}} \newcommand{\SubSet}{{\em SubSet}} \newcommand{\SequenceBase}{{\em SequenceBase}} \newcommand{\Sequence}{{\em Sequence}} \newcommand{\Iterator}{{\em Iterator}} \newcommand{\GraphObject}{{\em GraphObject}} \newcommand{\Graph}{{\em Graph}} \newcommand{\Subgraph}{{\em Subgraph}} \newcommand{\MUHyperGraph}{{\em MUHyperGraph}} \newcommand{\MDHyperGraph}{{\em MDHyperGraph}} \newcommand{\MBinGraph}{{\em MBinGraph}} \newcommand{\MUBinGraph}{{\em MUBinGraph}} \newcommand{\MDBinGraph}{{\em MDBinGraph}} \newcommand{\HyperGraph}{{\em HyperGraph}} \newcommand{\UHyperGraph}{{\em UHyperGraph}} \newcommand{\DHyperGraph}{{\em DHyperGraph}} \newcommand{\BinGraph}{{\em BinGraph}} \newcommand{\UBinGraph}{{\em UBinGraph}} \newcommand{\DBinGraph}{{\em DBinGraph}} \newcommand{\Vertex}{{\em Vertex}} \newcommand{\Edge}{{\em Edge}} \newcommand{\Attribute}{{\em Attribute}} \newcommand{\GraphView}{{\em GraphView}} \newcommand{\Graphic}{{\em Graphic}} \newcommand{\VertexGraphic}{{\em VertexGraphic}} \newcommand{\EdgeGraphic}{{\em EdgeGraphic}} \newcommand{\Graphics}{{\em Graphics}} \newcommand{\GraphWindow}{{\em GraphWindow}} \newcommand{\GraphCanvas}{{\em GraphCanvas}} \newcommand{\Canvas}{{\em Canvas}} \newcommand{\GraphShell}{{\em GraphShell}} \newcommand{\Selection}{{\em Selection}} \newcommand{\Containers}{{\em Containers}} \newcommand{\ContainerNodes}{{\em ContainerNodes}} \newcommand{\Arrays}{{\em Arrays}} \newcommand{\SortedArrays}{{\em SortedArrays}} \newcommand{\SortedLists}{{\em SortedLists}} \newcommand{\Lists}{{\em Lists}} \newcommand{\Items}{{\em Items}} \newcommand{\ListNodes}{{\em ListNodes}} \newcommand{\Queues}{{\em Queues}} \newcommand{\Deques}{{\em Deques}} \newcommand{\Stacks}{{\em Stacks}} \newcommand{\DLists}{{\em DLists}} \newcommand{\Matrices}{{\em Matrices}} \newcommand{\Permutations}{{\em Permutations}} \newcommand{\BinaryHeaps}{{\em BinaryHeaps}} \newcommand{\BinaryHeapNodes}{{\em BinaryHeapNodes}} \newcommand{\BinarySearchTrees}{{\em BinarySearchTrees}} \newcommand{\RedBlackTrees}{{\em RedBlackTrees}} \newcommand{\BinomialHeaps}{{\em BinomialHeaps}} \newcommand{\SimpleContainers}{{\em SimpleContainers}} \newcommand{\Collections}{{\em Collections}} \newcommand{\SetBases}{{\em SetBases}} \newcommand{\MSetBases}{{\em MSetBases}} \newcommand{\SymSets}{{\em SymSets}} \newcommand{\Sets}{{\em Sets}} \newcommand{\MSets}{{\em MSets}} \newcommand{\SubSets}{{\em SubSets}} \newcommand{\SequenceBases}{{\em SequenceBases}} \newcommand{\Sequences}{{\em Sequences}} \newcommand{\Iterators}{{\em Iterators}} \newcommand{\VertexGraphics}{{\em VertexGraphics}} \newcommand{\EdgeGraphics}{{\em EdgeGraphics}} \newcommand{\GraphObjects}{{\em GraphObjects}} \newcommand{\Graphs}{{\em Graphs}} \newcommand{\Subgraphs}{{\em Subgraphs}} \newcommand{\MUHyperGraphs}{{\em MUHyperGraphs}} \newcommand{\MDHyperGraphs}{{\em MDHyperGraphs}} \newcommand{\MBinGraphs}{{\em MBinGraphs}} \newcommand{\MUBinGraphs}{{\em MUBinGraphs}} \newcommand{\MDBinGraphs}{{\em MDBinGraphs}} \newcommand{\HyperGraphs}{{\em HyperGraphs}} \newcommand{\UHyperGraphs}{{\em UHyperGraphs}} \newcommand{\DHyperGraphs}{{\em DHyperGraphs}} \newcommand{\BinGraphs}{{\em BinGraphs}} \newcommand{\UBinGraphs}{{\em UBinGraphs}} \newcommand{\DBinGraphs}{{\em DBinGraphs}} \newcommand{\Vertices}{{\em Vertices}} \newcommand{\Edges}{{\em Edges}} \newcommand{\Attributes}{{\em Attributes}} \newcommand{\GraphViews}{{\em GraphViews}} \newcommand{\GraphWindows}{{\em GraphWindows}} \newcommand{\Selections}{{\em Selections}} %with a padding space afterwards \newcommand{\MHyperGraph}{{\em MHyperGraph}\ } \newcommand{\MHyperGraphs}{{\em MHyperGraphs}\ } \newcommand{\MHyperGraphn}{{\em MHyperGraph}} \newcommand{\MHyperGraphsn}{{\em MHyperGraphs}} \newcommand{\SetFuncs}{{\em{SetFuncs}}\ } \newcommand{\SetFuncsn}{{\em{SetFuncs}}} \newcommand{\ronei}{{\mbox{$r_1(i)$}}} \newcommand{\rji}{{\mbox{$r_j(i)$}}} \newcommand{\lowerb}{{\em lower\_bound}\ } \newcommand{\lowerbn}{{\em lower\_bound}} \newcommand{\upperb}{{\em upper\_bound}\ } \newcommand{\upperbn}{{\em upper\_bound}} \newcommand{\type}{{\em type}\ } \newcommand{\typen}{{\em type}} \newcommand{\vlist}{{\em vlist}\ } \newcommand{\vlistn}{{\em vlist}} \newcommand{\elist}{{\em elist}\ } \newcommand{\elistn}{{\em elist}} \newcommand{\integer}{{\em integer}\ } \newcommand{\integern}{{\em integer}} \newcommand{\kn} {{$k_n$}} \newcommand{\emsymbol}{{\em symbol}\ } \newcommand{\emsymboln}{{\em symbol}} \newcommand{\emlist}{{\em list}\ } \newcommand{\emlistn}{{\em list}} \newcommand{\emlistone}{\mbox{$l_1$}\ } \newcommand{\emlistonen}{\mbox{$l_1$}} \newcommand{\emlisttwo}{\mbox{$l_2$}\ } \newcommand{\emlisttwon}{\mbox{$l_2$}} \newcommand{\emlistk}{\mbox{$l_k$}\ } \newcommand{\emlistkn}{\mbox{$l_k$}} \newcommand{\emlisti}{\mbox{$l_i$}\ } \newcommand{\emlistin}{\mbox{$l_i$}} \newcommand{\emlistj}{\mbox{$l_j$}\ } \newcommand{\emlistjn}{\mbox{$l_j$}} \newcommand{\vect}{\mbox{$vec$}\ } \newcommand{\vectn}{\mbox{$vec$}} \newcommand{\vectone}{\mbox{$vec_1$}\ } \newcommand{\vectonen}{\mbox{$vec_1$}} \newcommand{\vecttwo}{\mbox{$vec_2$}\ } \newcommand{\vecttwon}{\mbox{$vec_2$}} \newcommand{\vectk}{\mbox{$vec_k$}\ } \newcommand{\vectkn}{\mbox{$vec_k$}} \newcommand{\vecti}{\mbox{$vec_i$}\ } \newcommand{\vectin}{\mbox{$vec_i$}} \newcommand{\vectj}{\mbox{$vec_j$}\ } \newcommand{\vectjn}{\mbox{$vec_j$}} \newcommand{\collection}{\mbox{$collection$}\ } \newcommand{\collectionn}{\mbox{$collection$}} \newcommand{\col}{\mbox{$col$}\ } \newcommand{\coln}{\mbox{$col$}} \newcommand{\colone}{\mbox{$col$}\ } \newcommand{\colonen}{\mbox{$col$}} \newcommand{\coltwo}{\mbox{$col_2$}\ } \newcommand{\coltwon}{\mbox{$col_2$}} \newcommand{\colk}{\mbox{$col_k$}\ } \newcommand{\colkn}{\mbox{$col_k$}} \newcommand{\coli}{\mbox{$col_i$}\ } \newcommand{\colin}{\mbox{$col_i$}} \newcommand{\colj}{\mbox{$col_j$}\ } \newcommand{\coljn}{\mbox{$col_j$}} \newcommand{\set}{\mbox{$set$}\ } \newcommand{\setn}{\mbox{$set$}} \newcommand{\setone}{\mbox{$set$}\ } \newcommand{\setonen}{\mbox{$set$}} \newcommand{\settwo}{\mbox{$set_2$}\ } \newcommand{\settwon}{\mbox{$set_2$}} \newcommand{\setk}{\mbox{$set_k$}\ } \newcommand{\setkn}{\mbox{$set_k$}} \newcommand{\seti}{\mbox{$set_i$}\ } \newcommand{\setin}{\mbox{$set_i$}} \newcommand{\setj}{\mbox{$set_j$}\ } \newcommand{\setjn}{\mbox{$set_j$}} \newcommand{\sequence}{\mbox{$sequence$}\ } \newcommand{\sequencen}{\mbox{$sequence$}} \newcommand{\sequenceone}{\mbox{$sequence$}\ } \newcommand{\sequenceonen}{\mbox{$sequence$}} \newcommand{\sequencetwo}{\mbox{$sequence_2$}\ } \newcommand{\sequencetwon}{\mbox{$sequence_2$}} \newcommand{\sequencek}{\mbox{$sequence_k$}\ } \newcommand{\sequencekn}{\mbox{$sequence_k$}} \newcommand{\sequencei}{\mbox{$sequence_i$}\ } \newcommand{\sequencein}{\mbox{$sequence_i$}} \newcommand{\sequencej}{\mbox{$sequence_j$}\ } \newcommand{\sequencejn}{\mbox{$sequence_j$}} \newcommand{\ms}{{\em ms}\ } \newcommand{\msn}{{\em ms}} \newcommand{\setvertex}{\mbox{$set-vertex$}\ } \newcommand{\setvertexn}{\mbox{$set-vertex$}} \newcommand{\msetvertex}{\mbox{$mset-vertex$}\ } \newcommand{\msetvertexn}{\mbox{$mset-vertex$}} \newcommand{\setedge}{\mbox{$set-edge$}\ } \newcommand{\setedgen}{\mbox{$set-edge$}} \newcommand{\msetedge}{\mbox{$mset-edge$}\ } \newcommand{\msetedgen}{\mbox{$mset-edge$}} \newcommand{\mset}{\mbox{$mset$}\ } \newcommand{\msetn}{\mbox{$mset$}} \newcommand{\msetone}{\mbox{$mset$}\ } \newcommand{\msetonen}{\mbox{$mset$}} \newcommand{\msettwo}{\mbox{$mset_2$}\ } \newcommand{\msettwon}{\mbox{$mset_2$}} \newcommand{\msetk}{\mbox{$mset_k$}\ } \newcommand{\msetkn}{\mbox{$mset_k$}} \newcommand{\mseti}{\mbox{$mset_i$}\ } \newcommand{\msetin}{\mbox{$mset_i$}} \newcommand{\msetj}{\mbox{$mset_j$}\ } \newcommand{\msetjn}{\mbox{$mset_j$}} \newcommand{\g} {\mbox{$g$}\ } \newcommand{\gn}{\mbox{$g$}} \newcommand{\gv} {\mbox{$gv$}\ } \newcommand{\gvn}{\mbox{$gv$}} \newcommand{\vg} {\mbox{$vg$}\ } \newcommand{\vgn}{\mbox{$vg$}} \newcommand{\eg} {\mbox{$eg$}\ } \newcommand{\egn}{\mbox{$eg$}} \newcommand{\graph} {\mbox{$graph$}\ } \newcommand{\graphn}{\mbox{$graph$} } \newcommand{\graphone} {\mbox{$graph$}\ } \newcommand{\graphonen}{\mbox{$graph$} } \newcommand{\graphtwo}{\mbox{$graph_2$}\ } \newcommand{\graphtwon}{\mbox{$graph_2$} } \newcommand{\graphk}{\mbox{$graph_k$}\ } \newcommand{\graphkn}{\mbox{$graph_k$} } \newcommand{\graphi}{\mbox{$graph_i$}\ } \newcommand{\graphin}{\mbox{$graph_i$} } \newcommand{\graphj}{\mbox{$graph_j$}\ } \newcommand{\graphjn}{\mbox{$graph_j$} } \newcommand{\vi} {\mbox{$vi$}\ } \newcommand{\vin}{\mbox{$vi$} } \newcommand{\vertex}{\mbox{$vertex$}\ } \newcommand{\vertexn}{\mbox{$vertex$}} \newcommand{\vertexone}{\mbox{$vertex$}\ } \newcommand{\vertexonen}{\mbox{$vertex$} } \newcommand{\vertextwo}{\mbox{$vertex_2$}\ } \newcommand{\vertextwon}{\mbox{$vertex_2$} } \newcommand{\vertexk}{\mbox{$vertex_k$}\ } \newcommand{\vertexkn}{\mbox{$vertex_k$} } \newcommand{\vertexi}{\mbox{$vertex_i$}\ } \newcommand{\vertexin}{\mbox{$vertex_i$} } \newcommand{\vertexj}{\mbox{$vertex_j$}\ } \newcommand{\vertexjn}{\mbox{$vertex_j$} } \newcommand{\ei}{\mbox{$ei$}\ } \newcommand{\ein}{\mbox{$ei$}} \newcommand{\edge}{\mbox{$edge$}\ } \newcommand{\edgen}{\mbox{$edge$}} \newcommand{\edgeone}{\mbox{$edge$}\ } \newcommand{\edgeonen}{\mbox{$edge$}} \newcommand{\edgetwo}{\mbox{$edge_2$}\ } \newcommand{\edgetwon}{\mbox{$edge_2$}} \newcommand{\edgek}{\mbox{$edge_k$}\ } \newcommand{\edgekn}{\mbox{$edge_k$}} \newcommand{\edgei}{\mbox{$edge_i$}\ } \newcommand{\edgein}{\mbox{$edge_i$}} \newcommand{\edgej}{\mbox{$edge_j$}\ } \newcommand{\edgejn}{\mbox{$edge_j$}} \newcommand{\val}{{\em value}\ } \newcommand{\valn}{{\em value}} \newcommand{\ind}{{\em index}\ } \newcommand{\indn}{{\em index}} \newcommand{\newsize}{{\em newsize}\ } \newcommand{\newsizen}{{\em newsize}} \newcommand{\size}{{\em size}\ } \newcommand{\sizen}{{\em size}} \newcommand{\ione}{\mbox{$i_1$}\ } \newcommand{\ionen}{\mbox{$i_1$}} \newcommand{\itwo}{\mbox{$i_2$}\ } \newcommand{\itwon}{\mbox{$i_2$}} \newcommand{\ithree}{\mbox{$i_3$}\ } \newcommand{\ithreen}{\mbox{$i_3$}} \newcommand{\ik}{\mbox{$i_k$}\ } \newcommand{\ikn}{\mbox{$i_k$}} \newcommand{\lth}{\mbox{$<$}\ } \newcommand{\lthn}{\mbox{$<$}} \newcommand{\ltheq}{\mbox{$<=$}\ } \newcommand{\ltheqn}{\mbox{$<=$}} \newcommand{\gth}{\mbox{$>$}\ } \newcommand{\gthn}{\mbox{$>$}} \newcommand{\gtheq}{\mbox{$>=$}\ } \newcommand{\gtheqn}{\mbox{$>=$}} \newcommand{\equal}{\mbox{$==$}\ } \newcommand{\equaln}{\mbox{$==$}} \newcommand{\notequal}{\mbox{$!=$}\ } \newcommand{\notequaln}{\mbox{$!=$}} \newcommand{\xpixels}{{\em xpixels}\ } \newcommand{\xpixelsn}{{\em xpixels}} \newcommand{\ypixels}{{\em ypixels}\ } \newcommand{\ypixelsn}{{\em ypixels}} \newcommand{\name}{{\em name}\ } \newcommand{\namen}{{\em name}} \newcommand{\layout}{{\em layout}\ } \newcommand{\layoutn}{{\em layout}} \newcommand{\creation}{ \noindent{\bf 1. Creation} \vspace{0.3in} } \newcommand{\operations}{ \noindent{\bf 2. Operations} \vspace{0.3in} } \newcommand{\implementations}{ \noindent{\bf 3. Implementations} \vspace{0.3in} } \newcommand{\utilities}{ \noindent{\bf 3. Utilities} \vspace{0.3in} } \renewcommand{\thefigure}{\thesection.\arabic{figure}} \renewcommand{\topfraction} {0.9} \renewcommand{\bottomfraction} {0.9}